The Clé de Peau Beauté Concentrated Brightening Serum contains different active ingredients to help the skin improve in terms of complexion and dark area. These ingredients include tranexamic acid and 4MKS that were added to target dark spot areas, but unfortunately, it saddens us to report we did not feel any difference in our dark spots. However, we felt the extreme hydration and lightening of complexion brought by the vitamin C ethyl, Spot Defense Complex and artemsia, all helping give the skin a softer and smoother look, plus hydrates it to make it healthier than ever. We wouldn’t consider repurchasing, as it really disappoints us to pay such an amount and get just half of what the product promises.